Friday, 13 March 2020

Mediatisation 1803-1806

Andrew Stepanenko
July 12, 2019 <https://scan1707.blogspot.com/2019/07/1803-1806.html>
Translated by Berenkova Violetta Michailovna

NAPOLEON AND MEDIATISATION
We see now that the rates of Napoleon’s reformatting of the European feuds more likely reflect some kind of collector activity, rather than military one, and mediatisation of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) looks like organic part of the all-European process. HRE and France were not at war in fact, but discussed the mediatisation order, and Franz II was not against reformatting of territories, he even initiated it from time to time. It was not war, it was “Perestroika”.

THE CORE OF MEDIATISATION
Bavaria, Hessen-Kassel and Württemberg grasped enclaves with the help delivery-transfer edicts (Abtretungs - und Überweisungspatenten); the Network shows similar combinations of terms in the chapters of the Roman law concerning loan business.
The imperial knights, holding imperial fees and swearing to the Emperor an oath, were not able to oppose to the shown papers, and around formally imperial 300 armies were quickly re-subordinated (Rittersturm).
Details of HRE mediatisation are identical to those, which occurred in the feudal society in case of annexation: the name (mediatisation) was the same, the titles remained as well. Sometimes mediatized lands are called annexed ones.
The Habsburgers’ vassals became the vassals of some other sovereigns (English Wikipedia) that specifies the transition of the key rights from the Habsburgers to other families.
The HRE Emperor lost the direct power over 90 % of his vassals, but during 3 years, he kept his nominal status. It deprived HRE of financial receipts, but left for the Emperor the right to sign, giving to acts of ownerships transfer the legitimate character.

MEDIATISATION ANALOGUE 
Partial analogue of mediatisation is transfer of objects of the Union submission to the republics. The president of the USSR remained on his post for a long time after the announcement of sovereignties, legitimizing with his signature the acts of the USSR property transfer.

MEDIATISATION AND SECULARIZATION
Mediatisation in HRE coincides in time, circumstances and essence of procedures with secularization in HRE. Synchronously with the Empire loss of its positions, the positions of the mediatized territories were also lost by the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) that allows assuming that HRE and RCC acted within the limits of the uniform management technology.

Partial secularization analogue is the withdrawal of the CPSU property when the Party objects were transferred to municipalities in an organized way, under the exact sent down regulations.

Now – there are some notes.

HRE LEGAL BASE 
The basis of the state system and principles of the Sacred Roman Empire functioning were unwritten legal customs, that is, common law, matriarchal truth of the Salic type. For this reason, matriculus was called matriculus, but not patriculus. Pay attention, the common law (so, typical matriarchy as well) on the HRE territory remained in force, at least, until 1806, and its abolishment in 1848 seems quite natural.

ABOUT IMPERIAL ESTATES
The necessary condition for obtaining the status of the imperial estate and the voting right in Reichstag of the Sacred Roman Empire was the ownership of certain imperial fee. Here again there comes a question: what status those landowners had who possessed their own lands, but not granted for service imperial fees? The history of HRE break does not show the destiny of these independent landowners. It is the right occasion to remember a hypothesis of two kinds of power - native land aristocratic one and holding cities alien duke and merchant type, which imperial estates presented in fact. Mediatisation was the result of bankruptcy of the duke and merchant power – and not necessary for the benefit of the land aristocracy.

ABOUT MATRICULUS 
Principles of distribution of financial obligations, and the skeleton of the subject composition of the Empire established by the Wormser matriculus in 1521 remained invariable until the end of existence of the Sacred Roman Empire. That is, till 1806.
I will remind here that according to matriculus of 1521 all armed forces of the Sacred Roman Empire consisted of 4001 horsemen and 19958 infantrymen. In proportion to the population of those territories of the beginning of the 16 century, it was just 0.2 % - in conditions of absence of scientific and technological revolution, the country was not able to support a more numerous army even in the 19 century.

ABOUT SYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
The basis of HRE power were silver mines of Hungary and Slovakia. In 1785-1815 earthquakes and plague epidemics were basically fixed in these regions. Attempts to find any notions of economic activities in Hungary and Slovakia during those 30 years had no success. I will also remind here, that Slovak Wikipedia for July 10th, 2019 still had not generated any section devoted to the history of the country in the 19 century. All mentions about silver in Austria disappeared in 1797 when money were not exchanged for silver any more, and appeared in 1812 when the currency of Austria went down in price 216 times at first, and then - 388 times.

THE BASIC CONCLUSIONS
German mediatisation was an organic part of so-called “Napoleonic wars” as certain all-European process of satisfaction of creditors’ interests following the results of the whole series of scale sovereign defaults of the largest European countries. Rotation of the rights to the lands and the population means that the feudal rights to those lands and to that population were in the pledge, which got on sale during realization of that pledge.

LIST OF MAIN TEXTS
24. Chronological shifts: Catherine's shift and 59-year-old one. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/03/chronological-shifts-catherines-shift.html
25. The Roman numeration - a key to the chronology secret. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-roman-numeration-key-to-chronology.html
27. Lacuna
28. Lacuna
.
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Thursday, 12 March 2020

Chronological shifts: Catherine's shift and 59-year-old one

Andrew Stepanenko
August 24, 2019 <https://scan1707.blogspot.com/2019/08/59.html>
Translated by Berenkova Violetta Michailovna

Shift is the number of years dividing two identical or closely related events. They suppose such shifts evidence manipulations when the whole data files were copied with some changes, and duplicates were shifted to earlier times in the past. My collection of such shifts contains about 700 pairs, and trial sampling with the machine method use has resulted in 40 thousand pairs. Personally I think that not historians created such files shifted into the past, but the closed structures like drug dealers, financiers, pharmacists, weapon sellers, scientists, - and, most likely, the seals, forms, names in such document files were original. The only problem is that those documents are not connected with historical reality, therefore exact potash technologies in gunpowder and glass business were described prior to discovery of chemical distinctions between soda and potash, and opium peripeteia in India and China are definitely shifted between these countries for 59 years.

However, government business may also be the reason for that. So, it is well-known that Russian historians refused point-blank to write the history of the Tatar yoke. Therefore, the specialists from Europe were invited.

For the establishment of the historical truth, such shifts are almost useless; they are de facto garbage, white noise. However, it is important to see how those shifts look like – thus, the size of the problem becomes clearer.

CATHERINE'S SHIFT
There is an amazing fact: the history of Russia sometimes echoes the history of the Ancient Rome in the slightest details; they are similar, as if two cars of one series produced by the same factory, in spite of the gap of 1168 years. Hardly remembered the Roman annalist Persia in connection with some war and immediately his Russian colleague responds with a notice in the chronicle of Stenka Razin's successful campaign - to Persia, of course, and with 1168 gap.

Hardly reported the Roman about the beginning of struggle against heretics and the Moscow annals - again with 1168 time gap – mentioned the struggle against just the same heresy - somewhere in Novgorod. Sometimes it looks even funny: with the same 1168 gap monarchs synchronously married, their joint rulers died synchronously as well, and juvenile tsarevitches became victims of impostors.

Despite date fluctuations of about 3 years, accuracy of "coincidence" is improbable: the deviation for the interval of 1168 is 0.0026 % - it practically means nothing. Literalness of those repetitions discourages: if the young tsar was under supervision of the uncle, it is noted in both chronologies that the tsar was 16 years old (though it is not necessary information) and if the tsar married it is always mentioned in both cases, whose daughter his bride was.

Mysterious correlation begins in 1054, lasts for 720 years (10 astrological 72-year-old cycles), and comes to the end in 1773 - just in the time of ruling of Catherine II the Great engaged in composing the History of the Russian State. As a pioneer, I named this shift in her honor.

Catherine's shift in the power chronology

1472. Ivan III married Sofia, Palaiologos’s daughter.
307. Constantine married Fausta, Maximian’s daughter.
The difference is 1165.

1491. Ivan III seized his brother Andrey Bolshoy.
324. Constantine seized and killed his brother-in-law and joint ruler Licinius.
The difference is 1167.

1503. Division of the lands in Russia between Ivan III and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
337. Division of the lands of the Empire for the Western and Eastern parts.
The difference is 1166.

1561. Ivan IV became Tsar of Moscow.
395. Arcady became the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
The difference is 1166.

1575. New Grand Prince of All Russia - Simeon Bekbulatovich.
408. The new emperor of the Byzantine Empire - Theodosius II.
The difference is 1167.

1591. Juvenile tsarevitch Dmitry was killed. The throne was usurped by Boris Godunov.
423. Juvenile emperor Valentinian III was dethroned. The throne was usurped by Ioannes.
The difference is 1168.

1645. 16-year-old tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich was under Boris Morozov's "supervision".
476. 16-year-old emperor Romul gave the power to the commander of guards of Odoacer.
The difference is 1169.

1689. Peter I became Ivan’s V joint ruler.
527. Justinian I became Justin’s I joint ruler.
The difference is 1168.

1696. Ivan's V death, Peter I’s joint ruler.
527. Death of Justin I, Justinian’s I joint ruler.
The difference is 1169.

The chronology of two the Church - Russian and Roman - are also similar. Key events are duplicated literally - and not only in their form, but also in their concrete historical content. As if linked by a rigid tow of 1168, the Church strictly synchronously enter struggle against heresy, conduct Cathedrals and are exposed секуляризации. Moreover, Russian Church up to 1667 struggles not simply with heresy, and with that heresy of the ancient Roman Egyptian the Aria, last time mentioned and there and then forever forgotten in the West in 492 year.

Catherine's shift in chronology of church

1300. The Metropolia was transferred from Kiev to Vladimir.
130. Aelia Capitolina was founded instead of Jerusalem.
The difference is 1170.

1420. The message of Metropolitan Photius against the Hussitetype sect of Tver.
251. The message of Cyprianus “About errors” and “About unity of the general church”.
The difference is 1169.

1439. The Pope of Rome permitted the conflict of the Church - the Florentine Union.
272. The bishop of Rome permitted the conflict of the Church - political unity.
The difference is 1167.

1470. Heretics of Novgorod chased the Christians.
303. The Pagan Edict and persecutions of the Christians.
The difference is 1167.

1478. Ivan III confiscated the lands of the Novgorod heretics.
311. Galerius granted the temples of pagans to the Christians.
The difference is 1167.

1480. The Russians won Ahmed Khan without fight, thanks to protection of the icon of Mother-of-God.
312. Constantine won a victory over Maxentius without fight, thanks to a sign in the form of a cross.
The difference is 1168.

1490. 1st cathedral concerning heretics (the Arians).
325. 1st cathedral. The heretic Arius was excommunicated in 323
The difference is 1169.

1499. Ivan III confiscated property of the Novgorod heretics.
332. Theodosius confiscated property of Manichæism heretic followers.
The difference is 1167.

1503. 2nd cathedral concerning heretics.
336. 2nd cathedral concerning heretics.
The difference is 1167.

1503. Ivan III granted the Church the legal proceedings right.
336. The emperor granted the Church the legal proceedings right.
The difference is 1167.

1504. A cathedral about heresies, burning of heretics in Novgorod and Moscow.
337. Heresy laws were strengthened by Constantine I - up to the death penalty.
The difference is 1168.

1550. Ivan IV summoned the Stoglavy Sobor of clergy of the Moscow Russia.
381. Emperor Theodosius summoned the first cathedral of the Eastern Church.
The difference is 1169.

1550. Ivan IV started secularization of the Church.
383. Gratian secularized the temples and the lands.
The difference is 1167.

1556. Ivan IV held up secularization of the Church property.
388. Theodosius ceded the Church the right to put a veto for the authorities’ acts.
The difference is 1168.

1615. A new Zemsky Sobor was summoned.
449. Theodosius II summoned an Imperial Cathedral.
The difference is 1168.

1648. The Zemsky Sobor discussed the Code opposite to patriarch Nikon’s opinion.
482. Zeno published “the eirenic formula” (The Henotikon), opposite to the patriarch’s opinion.
The difference is 1166.

1652. Non-orthodox Christians in Moscow were isolated in the German Quarter.
484. The first church split into the East and Western Christianity.
The difference is 1168.

1654. Church council accepted Nikon’s reforms. The Church split.
484. The father assembled the Cathedral and anathematized those who accepted the Henotikon. Thirty-year-old split.
The difference is 1170.

The same tendency is observed in relations of both empires with Persia as well, so it is necessary to point out that Persians in the history of Russia are mentioned not often – one time in 200 years, and … all the same it coincided. Moreover - two facts of two!

The Persian coincidences

1475. Ivan III sent ambassadors to Persia (the lord of the Western Persia Uzun-Hasan died at that time).
309. The Persian monarch Hormizda II died.
The difference is 1166.

1669. Stenka Razin's Cossacks made successful attack at the Persian fleet.
502. Renewal of the war with the Persians.
The difference is 1167.

Chronology of wars
Exactly same situation is observed in the chronologies of wars, and, correlations are rather symbolical: Muscovy was identified with the Byzantine Empire and the Poles and allied Swedes - with the Goths, Huns or Vandals. Such medium-sized details, as merchants’ losses, surprisingly coincide: in one case – the English, in other – the Carthaginians.

1576. Peace negotiations between the Muscovits and Poles.
408. Peace negotiations between the Romans and the western Goths.
The difference is 1168.

1577. The war of Russia with Poland renewed.
409. Invasion of the Vandals, Alans and Suevs.
The difference is 1168.

1600. There was a plan of the Poland and Russia union.
434. The peace treaty between the Byzantine Empire and the Huns.
The difference is 1166.

1605. Poles seized Moscow.
439. Vandals occupied Carthage.
The difference is 1166.

1615. Gustav II Adolf besieged Pskov.
447. Attila’s new invasion.
The difference is 1168.

1618. The Poles assaulted Moscow.
451. Attila invaded into Gallia.
The difference is 1167.

1646. Trading privileges of English merchants were abolished.
478. The problem of losses of Carthaginian merchants because of the war of vandals with the Byzantine Empire.
The difference is 1168.

1700. The Great Northern War with Sweden.
533. Belisarius’ campaign against the Vandal Kingdom.
The difference is 1167.

1701. Boris Sheremetev defeated the Swedes near Errestfer.
533. Victories over the Vandals in fights at Decimum and Tricamarum.
The difference is 1168.

1718. Negotiations with the defeated Swedes. The Aland Congress.
552. The defeat of the Ostrogoths in the Battle of Taginae and the end of the Ostrogoth Kingdom.
The difference is 1166.

Chronology of mutinies

The cases of mutinies have the same factual coincidence: either tsars-impostors or wars at three fronts. Even revolts at the Balkans are identical: both were against autocracy of Istanbul (Constantinople). And again, the time gap is the same - 1166-1169.

1541. A campaign of the Crimean Tatars to Moscow.
372. Rebellious tribes began a war against Rome.
The difference is 1169.

1601. The Streletsky Prikaz was formed, the tax was appointed for the Streltsy.
435. Rome concluded the alliance with the Vandals and appointed a tax for them.
The difference is 1166.

1697. The war with the Streltsy.
529. The war with the Samaritans.
The difference is 1168.

1704. The revolt of the Ural Bashkirs.
536. The beginning of the soldier's mutinies in Africa.
The difference is 1168.

1707. Bulavin’s revolt. Russia waged three wars simultaneously.
540. The attack of the Huns. The Byzantine Empire waged three wars simultaneously.
The difference is 1167.

1722. Ukraine was deprived the right to self-government and the hetman free election.
554. The Byzantine Empire defeated the Ostrogoths army and got the most part of Italy under the control.
The difference is 1168.

1769. A. Orlov heading a squadron revolted against the Turks at the Balkans.
602. The revolt of the Thracian (Balkan) legions.
The difference is 1167.

1773. Yemelyan Pugachyov by the name of Tsar Peter III began the revolt of the Ural (Yaik) Cossacks.
602. A civil war in the Byzantine Empire: the Danube army proclaimed a common centurion Phocas as the emperor.
The difference is 1171.

1775. Execution of the rebels’ leader Yemelyan Pugachyov.
610. Capture, transfer to Heraclius, to the son the Exarch and murder of the centurion Phocas.
The difference is 1165.

I will note three important circumstances here.

1. Here is only the key part of events. I did not want to make the book look like “Bradis’s tables”, so I had to exclude three quarters of the found out parallels.
2. These three tables contain only key events. All minor documents are adhered to them - in fact, the whole history of Russia.
3. Just here, before Pugachyov’s revolt, all ideal coincidence comes to the end.

There are only few answers reasoning the question of such coincidence possibility:
1. Every 1168 the Stars recreate identical events on the earth.
2. The history of Russia as some kind of some school composition copies the Roman one (or vice versa).
3. The basis of this chronological line are original documents of the history of Russia, but Catherine's academicians (mostly Europeans) sorted them and arranged according to the Roman samples - the best ones.

59-year-old shift in the chronology of Russia in XVIII-XIX centuries

I have to underline here: banks, customs and other structures dealing with money were not state-owned at that time; almost all of them were controlled by certain influential families, which had the right to write any stuff in their internal papers. Even when the state treasury is directly specified in documents, we need not forget that the great share of state money was loan, so inseparable from extraneous interests. Therefore, the war of Russian fleet at the coast of Egypt was carried out by hands of local privateers of not Russian and, especially, not state origin, though the victory was ascribed to Russia.

THE CORE
The truth of events of 1762-1805 confidently coincides with the truth of events of 1821-1864. After 1805 (1864) the number of coincidence is reduced. Such single coincidences are inevitable, but here the total political situation as a whole is duplicated in the 59-year period.

Sample includes 154 pairs of meaningful events repeating:
- in 57 years in 4 cases;
- in 58 years in 10 cases;
- in 59 years in 131 case;
- in 60 years in 6 cases;
- in 61 year in 3 cases.

1762 Acceptance of the custom charges in the government department
1821 The protective custom tariff was introduced
The difference is 59 years

1762 The State bank was founded
1821 The first insurance society in Russia appeared (insurance of bank pledges)
The difference is 59 years

1762 There had already been appeared 25 potash factories in Russia (though at that time potash was not in demand yet)
1821 There were fires on the Kola Peninsula, so they resulted in bulks of free ashes for potash
The difference is 59 years

1762 Free sale of tobacco was renewed
1822 The largest private tobacco factory, Zhukov's tobacco factory, was founded
The difference is 60 years

1763 Foundling hospital in Moscow (participated in the loan business)
1822 Regulations about the loan interest for the philanthropist’s benefit
The difference is 59 years

1764 Smolny Institute in Petersburg (participated in the loan business)
1823 Regulations about the loan interest for the philanthropist’s benefit
The difference is 59 years

1764 Mozdok was quickly populated; Chief Executive of the Caucasus Region was in Mozdok
1823 The first-ever oil refining factory in the world was founded in Mozdok
The difference is 59 years

1764 A copper coin was sent to the Astrakhan Bank
1823 Some capital - 1 million roubles – was assigned for Astrakhan
The difference is 59 years

1764 Russia’s new alliance with Prussia concerning Poland
1823 Prussian voting rights reform in some part of Poland
The difference is 59 years

1765 The First catechismal guideline was published
1824 The edition of "Catechism" by St. Filaret (Drozdov)
The difference is 59 years

1765 Liquidation of Sloboda Cossack regiments
1824 Revolt of the Chernihiv regiment
The difference is 59 years

1766 Demand of Russia to reestablish the orthodox people’s rights in Poland
1825 Submission of the orthodox churches in Poland to the St. Synod
The difference is 59 years

1767 The Turkish and Crimean agents in Circassia became active
1826 Paskevich was sent to help Yermolov to the Caucasus
The difference is 59 years

1767 Cossacks killed thousands of the Jews in Gomel
1826 Vilnius, the Lithuanian revolts became a cause of death of many Jews
The difference is 59 years

1767 Russian army invaded Poland and that was accompanied by the Haidamaks’ revolt
1826 Peasants' revolts in the Umansky district
The difference is 59 years

1768 The Bar Confederation was formed
1827 Litigation against the patriotic association of Poland
The difference is 59 years

1768 Catherine took a loan from Genoa
1827 Crisis of loans non-redemption in Russia
The difference is 59 years

1768 The Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774
1828 The Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829
The difference is 60 years

1769 Catherine called the Balkans for revolt
1828 Russian propagation in Bulgaria, the home guard was formed
The difference is 59 years

1769 The Russian army took Azov
1828 The Azov Cossack Army was formed
The difference is 59 years

1769 The Russian army invaded Moldova and Romania
1828 The Russian army invaded Moldova and Romania
The difference is 59 years

1769 The Economy Board managing the Church property was founded
1828 Creation the Uniate Board independent of Rome
The difference is 59 years

1769 Aleksey Orlov revolted against the Turks on the Balkans.
1828 The Russian-Turkish war during the Greek revolution of 1821-29
The difference is 59 years

1769 Negotiations with the Banking-house “Raymond en Theodoor de Smeth”
1828 Menacing size of loans non-redemption to the Commercial Bank
The difference is 59 years

1769 Epidemic of hysterics in Russia (Pereslavl-Zalesskiy)
1827 Epidemic of hysterics in Russia (the Ryazan Governorate)
The difference is 58 years

1769 Moscow plague revolt
1830 Cholera revolt in Moscow, Tambov, Kaluga, and other Governorates
The difference is 61 years

1770 The Battle of Cahul in Moldova
1829 The Danube army got the task to capture Moldova
The difference is 59 years

1770 Prince Heinrich of Prussia was an intermediary in concluding of peace with Turkey.
1829 The Treaty of Adrianople finished the Russian-Turkish war
The difference is 59 years

1770 Kiev. Epidemic pestilence disaster
1829 Cholera appeared in Kiev
The difference is 59 years

1770 The Dutch tchervonetses were made of domestic gold
1829 Discovery of "igneous metal" in Altai-Kolyvan
The difference is 59 years

1770 Noble family banks were in great need for the involved funds
1829 Temporary department for recovery on the dishonored bills
The difference is 59 years

1771 The Russian army seized the Crimean Peninsula
1830 The revolt in Sevastopol, the garrison was powerless
The difference is 59 years

1771 Bar confederates tried to kidnap Stanisław Poniatowski
1830 Polish national liberation revolt
The difference is 59 years

1771 The Russian army battled in Belarus (Baranavichy District)
1830 An anti-imperial revolt in Belarus. Brest was surrounded by insurgents
The difference is 59 years

1772 The gunpowder of new type invented by Lomonosov was introduced in Russia
1831 The school of powder production was founded at Ochtinskiy factory
The difference is 59 years

1772 Russian-Austrian agreement about division of Poland
1831 The Russian army invaded Poland
The difference is 59 years

1772 Peloponnesian revolt against Turkey
1831 Great Bosnian revolt against Turkey
The difference is 59 years

1772 Polish manors were loaned against a pledge to banks
1831 Crediting limits regulations were accepted
The difference is 59 years

1772 Trust treasuries were created at foundling hospitals
1831 Foundling hospitals took loan interest
The difference is 59 years

1772 The Uniates seized orthodox churches
1831 The returning of Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra from the Uniates’ possession
The difference is 59 years

1772 Agreement with Turkey about division of spheres of influence in Transcaucasia
1831 It was declared about colonization of Transcaucasia and its governing
The difference is 59 years

1772 Population census in Moldova after negotiations with Turkey
1831 Regulamentul Organic for Moldova and Walachia
The difference is 59 years

1772 The Crimea and Russia concluded a treaty of alliance and friendship
1831 The Taurida Muslim Spiritual Assembly was created
The difference is 59 years

1772 Poland was divided between Prussia, Russia and Austria
1831 Russian army invaded Poland
The difference is 59 years

1772 Poland was divided between Prussia, Russia and Austria
1831 Customs borders between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Poland were established
The difference is 59 years

1772 Persecutions of Jews in the Prussian part of Poland
1829 Persecutions of Jews in the Austrian part of Poland
The difference is 57 years

1772 The Belarus General Governorate was created
1831 The Western Governorates Committee was founded
The difference is 59 years

1772 The Governorate of Poland got all loan and manor pledge rights
1831 Additional crediting limits rules
The difference is 59 years

1772 The Uniates seized 800 orthodox church in Malorossiya with assistance of the Polish landowners
1831 Polish Seym declared about Nikolay’s I throne deprivation
The difference is 59 years

1772 The gunpowder of new type invented by Lomonosov was introduced in Russia
1830 The school of powder production was founded at Ochtinskiy factory
The difference is 58 years

1773 Warsaw Parliament ratified separation contracts
1832 The Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland was established
The difference is 59 years

1773 The Commission of National Education was created in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Its efforts helped to opened 20 district and sub-district schools in the central and western parts of Belarus
1832 Reorganization of education in the Right-bank Ukraine based on general imperial principles with transfer into Russian teaching language
The difference is 59 years

1773 The Senate Decree recommended to make “new buckets using the specified measure”, to compare them to “the specified bucket”, to stamp them and send “to all Governorates, towns and cities” in order “henceforth everywhere the measure would be equal and identical”.
1832 Resolution ordering obligatory use of Russian measure system in Georgia and totally in Transcaucasia
The difference is 59 years

1773 Emergency parliament in Warsaw ratified separation contracts
1832 Russian started to build the Warsaw Citadel
The difference is 59 years

1773 Extreme parliament in Warsaw ratified separation contracts
1832 Nikolay I issued the Organic Statute of The Kingdom of Poland
The difference is 59 years

1774 Part of Moldova (Bukovina) passed to Austria
1833 Laws of Moldova and Walachia were under the control of Russia
The difference is 59 years

1774 Astrakhan got credit money from the centre, it did not have its own money
1833 Astrakhan got credit money from the centre, it did not have its own money
The difference is 59 years

1774 The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca between Turkey and Russia
1833 The Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi between Russia and Turkey
The difference is 59 years

1774 Akkerman was returned to the Ottoman Empire
1832 The Akkermansky fortress was abolished as a military facility
The difference is 58 years

1775 Pugachev’s revolt at Volga and the Ural Mountains were suppressed
1834 Potato mutiny at Volga and the Ural Mountains (more than 500 thousand people)
The difference is 59 years

1775 Liquidations of the Poltava regiment, Poltava government reform
1834 Poltava provincial public library
The difference is 59 years

1775 Catherine ІІ deprived Kiev the right to self-government
1834 Magdebourg right in Kiev was abolished on December 23rd, 1834
The difference is 59 years

1775 Crimean khan Sahib II Giray was dethroned by the Proturkish party
1834 Circassian galleys were in Bombory, it was a successful fight for the Circassians
The difference is 59 years

1775 Destructions of the Zaporozhian Sich and closing of the Ukrainian schools at regimental Cossack offices
1834 All authorities in Malorossiya were completed by exclusively Russian noblemen
The difference is 59 years

1776 The customs was founded in Taganrog
1835 The customs was founded in Rostov-on-Don
The difference is 59 years

1776 Majority of the Belarus cities was deprived the Magdebourg right
1835 Enactment of the complete Code of Laws of the Russian Empire
The difference is 59 years

1776 Russian Senatorial decree gave freedom of settlement and other rights to christened Jews
1835 Decree of Emperor Nikolay I “Regulations about Jews”
The difference is 59 years

1777 Russia started line strengthening between Mozdok and Azov
1836 Arrangement of a level-theodolite passage between the Azov and Caspian Seas
The difference is 59 years

1777 There happened one of the most catastrophic flooding in Petersburg
1836 There happened the seldom mentioned flooding of 1836 in Petersburg
The difference is 59 years

1777 Miass copper smelting factory was launched
1836 There appeared some statistics in Miass: 54 mines and 23 placer
The difference is 59 years

1778 Christians abandoned Crimea in droves
1837 There was plague in Odessa, but no events in Crimea
The difference is 59 years

1778 Lustration of state manors in the western Governorates of Russia
1839 “Regulation about state property of the Western Governorates lustration and Belastok Oblast” was issued
The difference is 61 years

1778 Turkish fleet forcing out of the Akhtiar Bay
1837 Gendarme command in Sevastopol
The difference is 59 years

1779 Nor-Nakhichevan was founded (Nakhichevan-on-Don)
1838 Nakhichevan was renamed Nakhichevan-on-Don
The difference is 59 years

1779 Mining School was opened in Barnaul - the first in Siberia
1838 The first copper smelting factory was founded in Altai (Kolyvan factory)
The difference is 59 years

1780 Joseph's ІІ church reform
1839 Polotsk church cathedral abolished  the Brest Church Union
The difference is 59 years

1781 Hunger in 16 Governorates of Russia
1840 Hunger in Russia, maggots on crops, dzud
The difference is 59 years

1781 Joining of the lands the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Russia
1840 Liquidation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania statute of 1588
The difference is 59 years

1781 The autonomy status of Left-bank Ukraine as a part of Russia was abolished
1840 The usage prohibition decree of terms "Belarus", "Lithuania" in any official documents
The difference is 59 years

1781 Russia stopped to issue copper "the Siberian money"
1838 Currency reform in Russia, the silver monometallism was established
The difference is 57 years

1782 The noble property right was proved not only on the land surfaces
1841 Governorates of the country were divided into three categories that was connected with pledge of manors in banks
The difference is 59 years

1782 In St.-Petersburg there began construction of the Head Post Office building
1840 In St.-Petersburg there opened “the department of post and light carriages”
The difference is 58 years

1782 The monument of Peter I ("the Copper Horseman") was founded
1841 Issue of the last three volumes of Pushkin’s compositions one of which (IX) contained “the Copper Horseman”
The difference is 59 years

1783 Austria abolished  slavery in Bukovina and Chernovtsy
1842 Moldova made the state slaves free
The difference is 59 years

1783 The Crimean Khanate. Catherine’s II decree abolished  slavery
1841 The Five-place Agreement; Russia agreed to suppress the slave-trade
The difference is 58 years

1783 Joseph II issued the slavery cancellation decree in Bukovina and Chernovtsy
1841 The Five-place Agreement; Austria agreed to suppress the slave-trade
The difference is 58 years

1783 Theoretical bases of cyanidation were laid by K. V. Scheele
1842 Theoretical bases of cyanidation were laid by P.R. Bagration
The difference is 59 years

1784 Peasantry revolt in Transylvania
1843 Kobylitsa’s (peasantry) revolt in Ukraine
The difference is 59 years

1784 Financial reform, new type bank notes issue
1843 Financial reform, bank notes were replaced by tickets
The difference is 59 years

1784 New "analysis" of the clergy
1843 The first school for clergy daughters was opened
The difference is 59 years

1785 The granted letters of privilege to the cities, new common rules
1844 Submission of the Jews in cities and districts to the common rules
The difference is 59 years

September 11th, 1785 - the earthquake in Krakow, Poland.
February 24th, 1842 – the earthquake in Krakow, Poland.
The difference is 57 years

1787 1787-1791 Russian-Turkish war
1846 Oil was found in Azerbaijan, the war with Shamil and the Abkhazians
The difference is 59 years

1788 Allies could easily walk across the frozen Danube
1847 The Niagara Falls in March broke the ice
The difference is 59 years

1788 Russia took up 19 loans in Amsterdam
1847 Sudden increase of the gold reserve of Russia
The difference is 59 years

1788 State loan in the banking house “Aimé Rényi and Son”
1847 Bank of France proposed an offer to Russia
The difference is 59 years

1788 Cast-iron rails were cast in Petrozavodsk
1847 Production of rails started in St.-Petersburg
The difference is 59 years

1788 Secularization of church possessions in Sloboda Ukraine
1847 The treaty (concordat) with Vatican concerning dioceses of Lithuania and Russia
The difference is 59 years

1788 The freedom of religion was proposed to the dissenters
1847 Porphyry’s idea about necessity of overcoming the split with the Armenians
The difference is 59 years

1788 As a result of the second division of Poland Russia got back the rest Russian lands
1847 Criminal code of Russia in the Kingdom of Poland
The difference is 59 years

1788 Carrying out of the secularization reform in Sloboda Ukraine
1847 The defeat of the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius and strengthening of prosecution of the Ukrainian language and culture
The difference is 59 years

1788 The Gothic and Caffian Metropolia was liquidated by the Russian government
1847 The treaty (concordat) between the Holy See and the Russian Empire
The difference is 59 years

1789 Kronstadt iron foundry was founded
1848 Kronstadt iron foundry passed to the Treasury
The difference is 59 years

1789 Revolt in Warsaw
1848 Revolt in Warsaw
The difference is 59 years

1789 Russian-Turkish war: Turks were several times defeated in Moldova
1848 The Russian army suppressed Anti-Turkish revolt in Moldova
The difference is 59 years

1789 The decree of the Commission of National Education of the Seym of Poland concerning closing of all Ukrainian schools
1848 The Slovaks and Romanians claimed the national autonomy
The difference is 59 years

1790 Poland entered into alliance with Prussia
1849 The Grand Duchy Poznan became part of Prussia
The difference is 59 years

1790 The corvee considerably increased In Moldova
1848 Anti-Turkish revolt in Moldova and Walachia
The difference is 58 years

1791 Jassky world of Russia with Turkey
1850 End of Russian-Turkish crisis because of Poland
The difference is 59 years

1791 The Treaty of Jassy confirmed the right of Russia to Crimea
1850 Archbishop Innocentius started to reestablish the holy places in Crimea
The difference is 59 years

1791 First gendarmes in Russia
1850 The Gendarme Command appeared in Peterhof - the main residence of the tsar
The difference is 59 years

1793 The break of relations between Russia and France
1852 Conflict of Russia and France for the holy places
The difference is 59 years

1793 The second division of Poland
1852 The Russian government established the Vilna Archive
The difference is 59 years

1793 Part of the Western Podolia as a part of the lands of the Right-bank Ukraine became a part of the Russian Empire
1852 The Kiev Archive was established
The difference is 59 years

1793 Russia got Belarus in possession
1852 The Vitebsk Central Archive for ancient acts storage of two Belarus Governorates - Vitebsk and Mahilyow - was founded
The difference is 59 years

1793 The export of iron from Russia began
1852 The Railway Moscow-Petersburg was constructed with the use of domestic metal
The difference is 59 years

1794 The Land Surveying Administration was established, the works were finished in two years
1853 The land surveying at the Caucasus within the reform, it took 3 years
The difference is 59 years

1794 Rouble exchange rate fell down to 68.5 copecks
1853 The first entering of the European fleet into the Black Sea
The difference is 59 years

1795 The Vilna Governorate was formed
1854 The Vilna Central Archive was formed
The difference is 59 years

1795 The first time coal processing in blast furnaces of Lugansk
1854 The first time coal-anthracite processing in blast furnaces of Kerch
The difference is 59 years

1795 Shah of Iran invaded Georgia and destroyed the Akhtala silver and copper factories
1854 The launch of Gadabay copper-smelting factory
The difference is 59 years

1795 The third division of the Commonwealth of Poland: Russia got Lithuania, Western Belarus with Brest and Western Volhynia into possession.
1853 The Vilna Central Archive was formed for storage of the acts which had stored till that time in various establishments of Vilna, Grodno, Kovno and Minsk Governorates.
The difference is 58 years

1795 Decree of the Senate of Russia concerning creation of the Minsk Region ruled by governor-general
1855 Minsk archives were transferred into the Vilna Central Archive
The difference is 60 years

1796 Catherine died, Pavel I acceded to the throne
1855 Nikolay I died, Alexander II acceded to the throne
The difference is 59 years

1796 Withdrawal of the Russian army from Transcaucasia
1855 Turks invaded Transcaucasia, the Russian army left the region
The difference is 59 years

1796 Forming of the Caucasian Expeditionary Force
1855 A group of European volunteers landed in Tuapse for war operations with Russia
The difference is 59 years

1797 Refusal of Russia to take part in a war against interests of France
1856 The Parisian Treaty finished the war
The difference is 59 years

1797 General armorial of noble families
1856 The Romanovs’ coat of arms was created and confirmed
The difference is 59 years

1797 Arrangement of the imperial surname in Russia
1856 The family coat of arms of the House of Romanovs was composed by B.V. Koehne
The difference is 59 years

1797 Emperor Pavels I Three-day Corvee Manifesto
1856 The first official statement concerning of serfdom cancellation necessity
The difference is 59 years

1797 Final Poland Liquidation Convention
1856 The visit of Tsar Alexander I to Warsaw
The difference is 59 years

1798 Final Poland Liquidation Convention
1857 All state manors lustration in nine western Governorates was finished
The difference is 59 years

1800 The first big blast furnace in Lugansk Iron Foundry, Ukraine was started
1859 Donetsk Region, some landowner mines were united into Makeevka Coal Region
The difference is 59 years

1800 Bankrupts Decree
1859 Decree concerning suspension of the populated manors loans issue
The difference is 59 years

1801 Manifesto concerning joining of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti to Russia
1860 Replacement of “Vakhtang’s code” with common laws of the Empire. The Svaneti Princedom was abolished
The difference is 59 years

1801 The nominal decree about earth purchase and sale was issued in the Russian Empire
1860 Arrangement of the data concerning landowner land ownership
The difference is 59 years

1802 The Monument to the Magdeburg Rights in Kiev was erected
1862 A small chapel appeared in the Monument to the Magdeburg Rights
The difference is 60 years

1803 Free agriculturalists were freed from serfdom
1861 Serfdom was abolished in Russia
The difference is 58 years

1803 The necessity of Bible Russian translation (1802-1803) was raised
1862 Creation of the Bible Society in Russia
The difference is 59 years

1803 Creation of the Vilna Educational District
1863 Education reform was carried out
The difference is 60 years

1803 Mingrelia and the Kingdom of Imereti joined in.
1862 Trans-Caucasian the Land Survey Administration was opened in Tiflis.
The difference is 59 years

1804 Land reform in Latvia and Estonia
1863-1868 Land reform in Latvia and Estonia
The difference is 59 years

1804 Issue of regulations, which made settlers of the Southern Ukraine personally free
1863 Termination of obligatory land relations between landowners and peasants in the Kiev, Podolsk and Volhynian Governorates
The difference is 59 years

1804 Passage of the censorship enabling law; more lenient in comparison with Pavel’s I decrees
1865 Censorship Law. Some mitigation of the acceptable requirements
The difference is 61 years

1804 Russian army occupied Imereti and Guria
1864 Emancipation of serfs in Imereti and Guria
The difference is 60 years

1805 Abkhazian Samurzakano Princedom accepted Russian citizenship
1864 Russia abolished the Abkhazian Princedom
The difference is 59 years

1805 Zemstva calculation and distribution
1864 Zemstvo reform issue
The difference is 59 years

1806 The Greater Poland uprising
1864 Suppression of the January Revolt in Poland
The difference is 58 years

1807 Serfdom abolishment in the Duchy of Warsaw
1864 Peasants of Poland were freed from all of duties without any exception
The difference is 57 years

1808 Sevastopol was opened as a commercial port
1867 Sevastopol was opened as an international trading port
The difference is 59 years

1808 Commission of seminaries was formed
1867 Transformation of theological seminaries and schools
The difference is 59 years

1810 Guria passed under protectorate of Russia
1869 Transfer of church manors in Georgia to the treasury.
The difference is 59 years

1813 Formation of the Kishinev Diocese
1872 Kishinev became the centre of Bessarabian Governorate
The difference is 59 years

1816 Bible translation under the aegis of the Russian Bible society
1875 The Bible translation made by the Russian Bible society was corrected
The difference is 59 years

59-year-old shift in the foreign countries chronology

Here I present additional technical information and, certainly, they are not all data: information on opium trade in India and China, for example, can be compared entirely, the shift is clearly visible.

1727 Schultz's experiences with silver nitrate
1786 Berthollet’s experiences with silver nitrate
The difference is 59 years

1727 The Emperor of China ordered to sentence the death penalty for the White Lotus society participation
1786 Members of the White Lotus organized a revolt, and the government reacted with executions
The difference is 59 years

1772 Slavery was outlawed in England by the Chief Judge William Murray
1833 Britain abolished slavery in the colonies
The difference is 59 years

1772 Restoration of Turkish domination in Egypt
1831 The war of Mohammed-Ali, the governor of Egypt, against the Turkish sultan.
The difference is 59 years

1773 Prohibition of the Jesuits by the Pope
1832 Prohibition of the Jesuits in Portugal, Chile
The difference is 59 years

1773 Prohibition of the Jesuits by the Pope
1830 Exile of the Jesuits from France
The difference is 57 years

1773 The East Indian Company was affront to the rights
1833 The East Indian Company was affront to the rights
The difference is 60 years

1773 England prohibited tea import to Boston
1834 England prohibited tea export from China
The difference is 61 years

1774 War in Algeria (Spain)
1835 War in Algeria (France)
The difference is 61 years

1776 England sent 60 tons of opium to China – the most favorable "currency"
1834 Economic crisis in China because of English opium - silver was disappearing
The difference is 58 years

1779 The ignition tube of captain Mercier (the idea was forgotten at once)
1840 Rotary distance tube of Barcher (1840)
The difference is 61 years

1780 Opium turnover was prohibited in China
1839 Opium was destroyed in China (in Canton 1188 tons were destroyed for the three weeks’ period)
The difference is 59 years

1786 Nitric acid treatment gave explosive substance - silver fulminate
1845 Nitric acid treatment gave explosive substance - pyroxylin
The difference is 59 years

1788 France. Creation of Negroes’ friends League
1845 France. Criminal liability for crimes against slaves
The difference is 57 years

1789 In England they investigated the idea of rifled cannon creation
1846 In Sardinia and Germany rifled cannons were created
The difference is 57 years

1789 First French revolution
1848 Third French revolution
The difference is 59 years

1789 National workshops were introduced in France for the unemployed
1848 National workshops were introduced in France for the unemployed
The difference is 59 years

1790 France. March 21st: the salt tax was abolished
1848 France. April 21st: the salt tax was abolished
The difference is 58 years

1791 The Bank of the USA was opened
1850 In the USA the first gold 20 dollar-coin was issued
The difference is 59 years

1792 Max von Baader discovered the cumulative effect
1850 the cumulative effect was discovered by a certain civilian by the name of Martin
The difference is 58 years

1792 The Mint of the USA creation law
1851 Congress of the USA specified the least in value silver coin (3 cents)
The difference is 59 years

1797 Rifled cannons were taken into service in the British army
1855 Lancaster’s rifled cannon after testing was introduced into the sappers and miners corps
The difference is 58 years

1799 Opium turnover was prohibited in China
1856 The Second Opium war in China
The difference is 57 years

1803 Epidemic of suicides in Vienna
1860 Epidemic of suicides in Vienna 1859-1860
The difference is 57 years

1803. Louisiana became part of the USA
1862. Louisiana again became part of the USA
The difference is 59 years

1803 Purchasing of Louisiana (via the British Barings Bank)
1862-65 The gold stock of the USA was sold to Britain
The difference is 59 years

1804 The Bible Society in Great Britain, the main purpose was the Bible translation
1863 The Eisenach Church Conference on the proposal of bible societies made a decision to develop a new translation version
The difference is 59 years

1805 A device with a fulmination detonator was developed by Forsyth
1865 Cap-detonator was invented by Alfred Nobel
The difference is 60 years

1807 The Ionian Islands changed the owner
1864 The Ionian Islands changed the owner
The difference is 57 years

1810 The guilds were abolished as subjects in Germany
1869 The guilds were abolished in Germany
The difference is 59 years

1812 Collapse of France
1871 Collapse of France
The difference is 59 years

1812 First banknote of Canada
1870 Coins of the USA ceased circulation in Canada
The difference is 58 years

OTHER VARIANTS
The series of shifts was found out by Vyacheslav Lopatin. Axel Histor (maystre) made the solving step. Personally I calculated the system of shifts with the step which is approximately equal to 6 years (a so-called 6-year-template): 6, 12, 18, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 77, 83, 89, 95, 101 year. So, Ottoman activity in the Black Sea coast region flashes with step to 100 years; that is possible to consider as either the Lopatin’s shift, or the final variant of my own 6-year-old template. A 6-year-shift for 6 years is highly frequent. In my opinion, it may be a result of the use of two different chronological systems, - there are more than 30 of them, to be exact, - and they give the possibility to form approximately 500 variants of errors. Nowadays I am inclined to investigate the attempts of chronology reconstruction by shifts study. Shifts were always imposed over the formed chronological skeleton, instead of forming it.

LIST OF MAIN TEXTS
24. Chronological shifts: Catherine's shift and 59-year-old one. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/03/chronological-shifts-catherines-shift.html
25. The Roman numeration - a key to the chronology secret. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-roman-numeration-key-to-chronology.html
27. Lacuna
28. Lacuna
.
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Tuesday, 17 December 2019

Louisiana Purchase and the Homestead Act

Andrew Stepanenko
July 15, 2019 <https://scan1707.blogspot.com/2019/07/blog-post_15.html>
Translated by Berenkova Violetta Michailovna

PURCHASE OF LOUISIANA
Purchase of Louisiana took place in 1803 - at the height of the Napoleonic wars, it gives an idea to assume that the reason of Louisiana transfer was someone's sovereign defaults and satisfaction of some creditors claims. For example, as the friend rodom_iz_tiflis has noticed, France officially received Louisiana "back" from Spain and sold within three weeks. It is very similar to some kind of arrest and sale of property of Spain for debts that is quite typical for "collector" character of Napoleon’s wars.

Let’s have a look the pace of developments.

On May 17, 1792 the New York share exchange was founded, and "the Panic of 1792" started, - the credit expansion of newly generated bank of the United States and impetuous gamble of influential bankers (I do not see the names in the Network).
In 1793, Frenchmen declared war to England and to the Netherlands, the basic creditors of America. In that 1793 the USA started to build up a new federal capital - Washington, District of Columbia, when the lines of credit from Europe had been already overlapped. It is logical that in such situation builders were focused on the attraction of the domestic private capital. By the end of 1793, the association of three main financiers acquired 40 % of building land in Washington.

ROBERT MORRIS
Morris was the main figure at that time. He landed 10 million pounds sterling to George Washington for his war with Britain; it was twice more than the final cost (already with the credit interest) of the total territory of French Louisiana. In 1781, he managed the finance of the USA. As the reward for the money help, he received some lands in the southern states from the government. These lands allowed Morris to create the North American Land Company and to issue shares for 3 million dollars - 15 times less, than he spent for freedom of the USA. There must be not divulged bonuses.

WORK WITH THE CLIENT
Speculative operations lasted for three years. In 1795, the superstructure was created for consolidation of land possession on the basis of the previous gamble - the North American Land Company. Moreover, in 1796 there was an eightfold collapse of the company securities cost. Among victims there were mainly southerners, for example, the family of the future general of Confederation Robert Li suffered much and finally became bankrupt.

PROJECT END
Three financiers got into debt prison, but money disappeared, and then... here I quote.

Morris was released due to acceptance of the first Federal bankruptcy law (on April 4, 1800...) that allowed arresting and selling actives of sellers and brokers who had indebtedness, for repayment of the bankrupt debts.

Judging by the course of events, actives arrests happened among large financiers from southern states co-operating with Morris, - for repayment of the debts created by Morris.

In 1803, the bankruptcy law was not prolonged, and the lands of the French Louisiana passed to the USA. Here it seems reasonable to ask, whether it happened so, what Louisiana was bought for the money collected from cheated Americans? The North American Land Company was engaged in Washington business "as a hobby", and the main money was collected for "the western lands".

THE MATTER PRICE
Morrison's total share value in 1795 was 3 million dollars, and it was initial, obviously low price, aimed at involvement of players. In 1796 of the share price fell eight times, and it means perhaps that the shares total cost was pushed up by the players up to 24 million. It was more than that sum that the USA finally paid to the Barings Bank for the total territory of French Louisiana, and I wonder, in whose hands those 24 million settled.

VICTIMS
Here are the states where the company operated: Georgia, Kentucky, Northern Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia - all of them are the southerners. Five of six of these states finally "left in a huff", withdrew from the USA and became a part of the Southern Confederation: Georgia, Kentucky, Northern Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia.

I will give a map bellow. The uninhabited green western lands are bought from France chronologically right after collapse (just for the sum of Louisiana buying) of the habitable red lands, which adjoined the Confederates later and then were forced to annex to the winner.


Pennsylvania organized by the Barings Bank, which directly supervised Louisiana purchase and, the main thing, was the headquarters of the North American Land Company which deceived investors, did not join the Confederates. Let’s add to that rather timely Napoleon's invasion into Holland, which gave the Dutch banks the reason not to get involved into that huge land swindle, without invoking the Americans’ suspicion.

WHAT EXACTLY WAS SOLD IN LOUISIANA
De facto Frenchmen did not control Louisiana. In 1803, the left bank of the Mississippi was annexed to the USA, and the right bank belonged to Spain. They mention the fact that in 1802 Spain secretly passed its part to Napoleon, but that transfer was only on paper. In fact, the air was on sale - the right to lands, which none of the participants of the deal controlled.

In such situation, I am inclined to think that the purchase of Louisiana was an exact analogue of Rupert Land purchase sold by the Hudson Bay Company, which never visited those lands. Those documents that the company had was a pure fiction. Both companies both the Hudson Bay and the North American Land – look like, and the main thing, behave as front organizations. The purpose was transfer of budgetary funds in the shadow sector.

MYTHICAL TRANSFERS
I doubt that Napoleon received something from those 15 million. Such "transfer" should solve two issues for the public:

1) the source of Napoleonic wars financing: all looks like so as if money having arrived from the sale of Louisiana, and the wars in Europe were real, though it is clear that France did not have any significant expenses as it was not the aggressor, but the collector.
2) who got 23.2 million dollars out of the state budget of the USA; there was an illusion created as if the USA regularly paid off the credit from the Barings Bank with the interest payments, though the necessary money was available in the USA - following the results of the southern states ruin.

The only reliable fact is roguish withdrawal of significant assets from the southern states, and it is clear that the southern states deprived of their assets were extremely convenient for the future absorption.

THE HOMESTEAD ACT
Wikipedia: the Homestead Act was free transfer of 600 million acres of the French Louisiana lands to the USA citizens for symbolical cost of 10 dollars per 160 acres. As a result, 285 million acres of land was passed to the USA that, in fact, brought the government 23.2 million out of 17.8 million dollars of formal expenses for purchase of those lands. Interested people were not necessary to wait the stipulated 5 years and could accelerate free execution for 1.25 dollars per one acre.
However, it is not all facts. Exact citations of the Homestead Act contain other formulations: free of charge land acquisition was not mentioned; there were lands for 1.25 dollars for an acre and for 2.5 dollars for an acre. If to pay 1.25 for an acre, 285 million acres would turn into 356 million dollars and if to pay 2.5 - it would be twice more. Investments into Louisiana paid off at least in proportion 1:16.

THE VARIANT WITH BUYING OFF
So-called free distribution concerned only those lands that belong to nobody. In addition, it is necessary to understand that those 24 million dollars stolen from the southerners were quite enough to give necessary 17.8 million dollars of charges to the USA government and to be engaged in the resale process. For Morris who had invested in the USA freedom of 44.6 million dollars, such step would be logical. Historians directly (though without details) point out: since 1804 "the companies (which beside businessmen included members of legislative assemblies and officials of states) appeared which bought up vast areas of land with sale and then selling it in small plots to actual settlers". Well, the documents of this kind usually disappear; I saw in connection with Morris the following formulation "documents are lost because of negligence". Original documents connected with Morris remained in small quantity, documents "attributed to Morris" prevail in the Network.

SHIFT IN 59 YEARS
To my huge regret, I cannot avoid this term. This shift was used to move in time some circumstances (especially financial ones) in the past, and is perfectly well notable in the financial history of Russia. It is observed here as well, and the most important thing is: the lands of French Louisiana got into the government possession in 1803, and were thrown out on the market in 1862 - 59 years later. In 1802-1803 the conflict situation with the southerners reached its apotheosis, but the Civil War began 59 years later. This shift is notable in the legislation as well: Louisiana accepted Napoleon's code in 1870, 67 years later after Napoleon's abandoning his claim for Louisiana, and it should happen around the date of annexing to the USA (1812) - otherwise (having lived 59 years within the limits of the USA legislation system) the French legal tradition was not possible to preserve.

I do not insist that all early history of the USA should be shifted for 59 years in the future, however, it is necessary to shift the financial history: significant circumstances are logically connected with this shift.

THE BASIC CONCLUSION
Louisiana purchase is a magnificent visual aid showing to the logician of the loan capital. Assets are concentrated not for investments, but for their immediate increase by means of the following financial operation.

LIST OF MAIN TEXTS
24. Chronological shifts: Catherine's shift and 59-year-old one. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/03/chronological-shifts-catherines-shift.html
25. The Roman numeration - a key to the chronology secret. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-roman-numeration-key-to-chronology.html
27. Lacuna
28. Lacuna
.
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Monday, 16 December 2019

Napoleon's сollector wars

Andrew Stepanenko
July 10, 2019 <https://scan1707.blogspot.com/2019/07/blog-post_10.html>
Translated by Berenkova Violetta Michailovna

The basic problem of history of the 19 century is the Napoleonic wars, impossible, in particular, for economic and organizational reasons. Revolution had left France in complete ruin:
- The scientists knowing secrets of weapon saltpeter, were sent to a guillotine;
- The officers (and all of them were 100 % noblemen) mostly escaped abroad;
- The colonies delivering the currency colonial goods, were lost;
- Doctors and hospitals disappeared together with the destroyed monasteries;
- In 1791-1793 (the period of "Great Horror”) everything was on fire in France;
- In 1799 France lost its Mediterranean fleet - entirely.

This totally ruined France conducted two series of protracted all-European wars in the result of which it submitted almost all countries.

I will add concomitant circumstances.

EFFICIENCY OF QUARTERMASTERS
The site genstab.ru mentions the following: “If we exclude the Austrians and Prussians and consider the number of the Great Army as 500000 Frenchmen and their allies, the ratio between combants and transport personnel will be 25:1. Now this ratio is approximately 10:1”. It means that the Napoleonic quartermaster supplied armies 2.5 times more effectively, than the modern one, despite of absence of the asphalted highways and railway networks.

PERCENTAGE OF THE MOBILIZED SOLDIERS
The participants of wars mobilized 7.9 million soldiers per 200 million population in Europe totally, that is, 4 %, the figure is 10-20 times higher the average values of army size in the 19 century. It means that during the Napoleonic wars there must be 10-20 times increasing of seamstresses number sewing regimentals, capacities of powder plants, the number of military warehouses, carts, masterful. All infrastructure working for army supporting, should be puffed up during some years in 10-20 times, thus, the free market was still not developed; the economy in Europe was feudal, the production was of guild type, and each worker was fixed to a certain seigneur, therefore a worker could not be simply taken from the place and engaged in some other job.

MOTIVES
When they asked Napoleon: “What do you go to Russia for”, - he had no answer.

SECULAR HIERARCHY
Napoleon for the European nobility was a mob, a wild aborigine with a fish bone in his nose. However, the members of his family became related with the key ruling families.

Now I will show how a large European war of three developed and rich countries looked like half a century later after Napoleon Bonaparte’s period.

LARGE EUROPEAN WAR OF 1864
Data about Danish-Austrian-Prussian war for Schleswig and Holstein.
1864. Duration of the war was 273 days (9 months). On the average, a war of the 19 century lasted four times shorter. Pay attention to the average percent of armies according to the total number of population – 0.22 %, that is, the countries of the 19 century could not afford more than 0.2-0.4 % of the country population, - it was too unprofitable.


The population was not involved in combat operations. The purpose of military operationsis capture of communications. Destruction of manpower of the opponent was not the purpose at that time, that is why there were extremely low battle losses if compared to modern estimates. To make it clear, just imagine that 1 (one) "killed in action" notice was for 42 five-storied houses with 80 flats. It was a large war. Other wars of the 19 century were, on the average, four times less costly. A unique exception was Napoleon Bonaparte's deeds.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE'S DEEDS
It is not necessary to read, however, it makes sense to look through these data.

November, 1799, France was subdued to Napoleon
June, 1800, Lombardy was ceded to Napoleon
December, 1800, Napoleon invaded Swabia and Bavaria
February, 1801, Rhine and Etsch were recognized as the borders of France
February, 1801, Napoleon abolished some imperial cities
February, 1801, Napoleon compensated some losses of imperial authorities by the church lands
February, 1801, Italy was made a pro-French republic

THE TREATY OF AMIENS
March, 1802, Napoleon got all colonies back, except Trinidad and Ceylon dominion
March, 1802, the republic of Seven (Ionic) islands was recognized
March, 1802, Malta came back to the Johannites’ Order
March, 1802, George III removed the French lilies from his coat of arms

THE TREATY OF LUNÉVILLE
February, 1803, the Batavian Republic was created, dependent on France
February, 1803, the Helvetic Republic was created, dependent on France
February, 1803, the Ligurian republic was affirmed dependent on France
February, 1803, the Cisalpine Republic was created, dependent on France
February, 1803, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was transformed into Kingdom of Etruria
February, 1803, Napoleon returned the Roman Republic to the Pope
February, 1803, Napoleon returned the Parthenopean Republic to the Pope February, 1803, Otranto, Tarentum and Brindisi passed to Napoleon
1803 Napoleon became the president of the Italian Republic

1803 Napoleon transmitted a lot of land to Bavaria
1803 Napoleon increased the domain of the Margrave of Baden
1803 Napoleon increased the domain of Württemberg
1803 Napoleon increased the domain of Giessen-Kassel
1803 Napoleon increased the domain Giessen-Darmstadt
1803 Napoleon increased the domain of Nassau
1803 Napoleon increased the domain of Hanover, etc.

In 1803 only six imperial cities out of fifty kept their status:
Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck, Frankfort on the Main, Nuremberg, Augsburg
Other cities Napoleon reformatted so that it was convenient from his point of view.

THE THIRD COALITION
May, 1803t, Hanover surrendered to Napoleon
March, 1805, Napoleon's crowning in Milan took place
1805, Napoleon behaved as he was the lord of all Rhine riparian territory (Aachen, Cologne and Mainz)
1805, Napoleon obliged Spain to help France
1805, Napoleon prepared monarchy introducing in Holland for the benefit of one of his brothers
1805, Napoleon got support of the South German princes
1805, Napoleon was strengthened by troops from Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria, Giessen, Nassau, etc.
October, 1805, the Austrian army capitulated

THE TREATY OF PRESSBURG
December, 1805, Napoleon received the Venetian Area
December, 1805, Napoleon received Istria (except Trieste)
December, 1805, Napoleon received Dalmatia
December, 1805, Napoleon's allies received the lands to the west of Carinthia
December, 1805, allied to Napoleon the Electorate of Bavaria received Tirol with Brixen and Trent, Vorariberg, the area adjoining the right bank of the Inn, Burgau and Lindau, and also Passau and Eichstätt
December, 1805, allied to Napoleon the Electorate Württemberg acquired domain in Swabia: Altdorf, Hohenberg, Nellenburg, Ehingen and Bondorf
December, 1805, allied to Napoleon the Electorate Baden received Konstanz, and the territory of the Duchy of Breisgau, including Freiburg and Ortenaukreis
December, 1805, the monarchs of Bavaria and Wurtemberg got acknowledged titles of kings that excluded them from the power of the institutes of the Sacred Roman Empire 1805, Napoleon's brother got the crown of Naples
1805, the other Napoleon's brother got the crown of Holland

1805, Prussia enter into an alliance with Napoleon
1805, Prussia transmitted to Napoleon the Duchy of Cleves
1805, Prussia transmitted to Napoleon several Frankish princedoms
1805, Prussia received Hannover from Napoleon
1805, Napoleon's stepson married the princess of Bavaria
1805, Napoleon's brother Jérôme married the princess of Wurtemberg
1805, Napoleon increased the domain of Baden and transformed it into the Great Duchy
1805, Napoleon became related with the Grand Duke of Baden through Josephine's niece
1805, Napoleon transformed Berg into the Great Duchy - for the son-in-law Murat
1805, Napoleon presented taken from Prussia Neuchâtel to his marshal
1805, Napoleon assigned his uncle as the successor of Mainz archiepiscopate

1806, Napoleon gathered the Rhine Union subordinated to him
1806, Napoleon conducted mediatisation in the Rhine Union with the following resubmission of all system
1806, Napoleon granted the Neapolitan Kingdom to his brother Joseph
1806, Napoleon passed Benevento and Pontecorvo as feudal duchies to Talleyrand and Bernadotte
1806, Napoleon divided the Venetian territory into fees and passed them to his subordinates
1806, Napoleon gave Lucca, Massa and Carrara to the sister Eliza, and then Toscana as well
1806, Napoleon gave some unnamed domain to the sister Pauline Borghese (!)
1806, Napoleon put his brother Louis to rule Holland

THE FOURTH COALITION
1806, Napoleon mediatized related the Hohenzollerns the princely House of Thurn and Taxis
October, 1806, Napoleon captured Szczecin, Kostrzyn, Magdeburg
October, 1806, Napoleon captured Giessen, Braunschweig, Mecklenburg, Oldenburg
October, 1806, Napoleon imposed an indemnity on Hanse
December, 1806, Napoleon transformed Saxony into the kingdom
January, 1807, Napoleon invaded Warsaw
May, 1807, Napoleon captured Danzig

THE TREATY OF TILSIT
July, 1807, Napoleon forced Russia to acknowledgement of all his acquisitions
July, 1807 Napoleon forced Russia to prohibition of deliveries to England
July, 1807, Napoleon forced Russia to withdrawal of troops from Moldova and Walachia
July, 1807, Napoleon forced Russia not to prevent him to capture the Ionian Islands
July, 1807, Napoleon formed the Warsaw Duchy which was subordinated to him
July, 1807, Napoleon separated Prussia from Hanover, the County of Mark, with the cities of Essen, Verdun and Lippstadt, the County of Ravensberg, the city of Lingen and Tecklenburg, the Princedom of Minden, East Frisia, Muenster, Paderborn, Kleve and the easten coast of the Rhine
July, 1807, Napoleon transformed Prussia into the state which was subordinated to him

1807 Napoleon formed the Kingdom of Westphalia from the domain taken away from Prussia
1807 Napoleon made his brother Jérôme the king of Westphalia
1807 Napoleon possessed all Germany
1807 Napoleon squeezed out the House of Braganza from the continent - to Brazil. Control over Portugal passed to England

1808, Napoleon helped Russia to acquire Finland
1808, Napoleon occupied the domain of Sweden in the northern Germany
1808, Napoleon assigned Bernadotte as the successor of a royal throne in Sweden
1808, Napoleon put his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne
1808, Napoleon transferred the Neapolitan Kingdom to his son-in-law Murat

February, 1808, Napoleon invaded Rome

THE FIFTH COALITION
May, 1809, Napoleon captured Vienna
May, 1809, Napoleon suggested Hungarians to elect a new king
1809, Napoleon took from Austria Salzburg with Berchtesgaden, the Inn district and the western part of the Gauzruck district for the benefit of Bavaria
1809, Napoleon took away the western Galicia from Austria
1809, Saxony received from Napoleon some lands in the Upper Lusatia and half of salt mines in Wieliczka
1809, Napoleon took away from Austria some part of the eastern Galicia for the benefit of Warsaw Duchy and Russia
1809, Napoleon created Illyria from the lands of Austria (some part of Carinthia, Krajna, Trieste, Friuli, etc.) together with Dalmatia, Istria and Ragusa

SCHÖNBRUNN 
May, 1809, Napoleon joined the Papal States to France

1810, Napoleon joined Holland to France
1810, Napoleon joined Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck to France
1810, Napoleon joined the Duchy of Oldenburg to France, and other lands between the Elba and Rhine
1810, Napoleon joined the Swiss canton of Valais to France

RUSSIA
1812, Unprecedented campaign of 500-thousand army to Moscow

THE MAIN CONCLUSION:
This dynamics of events (most likely, rather accurate and, certainly, with participation of armed forces) had no military character. It looks like not war, but the collapse of financial houses of cards. Synchronously with those events, the countries of Europe passed through - sovereign defaults.

1788 - sovereign default in France
1790 - sovereign default in the United States
1796 - sovereign default in the Archduchy of Austria
1798 - sovereign default in the United States
1802 - sovereign default in the Archduchy of Austria
1805 - sovereign default in the Austrian Empire
1807 - sovereign default in Germany - Prussia
1809 - sovereign default in Spain
1811 - sovereign default in the Austrian Empire
1812 - sovereign default in Germany - Westphalia
1812 - sovereign default in France
1812 - sovereign default in Sweden
1813 - sovereign default in Germany - Prussia
1813 - sovereign default in Denmark
1814 - sovereign default in Germany - Giessen
1814 - sovereign default in the Netherlands

Defaults are typically explained with war events, and it just that case where the cause and the effect should be changed in places.

WHAT IS THE SOVEREIGN DEFAULT?
If the monarch recognized that he could not pay off under financial liabilities, it always meant absorption of the debtor – in either peace or war. The people giving money for such purchase as Louisiana had no sense of humour. They just sent a collector.

In the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 a collector role were executed by Russia. The run into debt Ottoman Empire reformatted, - both politically, and territorially, - and, its lands and the people were estimated in quite certain sums of money; for example, that part that was passed to Russia, was estimated in 1 billion 100 million roubles.

NAPOLEON - THE COLLECTOR
Fantastic dynamics and character of the events proves that Napoleon was a collector. He was not at war in fact, but mostly reformatted the territories, paying off the mutual debts of the failed feudal pyramids. Mediatization was offsetting of debts according to feudal rules. The Napoleonic armies participated in it, but did not play a significant role; it was not necessary to do such things himself, it was enough to write off a couple of percent of debt to a feudal lord who had run into debt, and he would easily add his small army in the collector’s assets. So the impression appeared that all Europe took Napoleon's side at war. In practice it not war; it was force demonstration. Wars appeared in documents – as a claim requirement, and came to the end in documents as well - with the report of the confiscated property acceptance at a warehouse.

KEY BANKRUPTS
At the beginning of the 19 century, there were several empires in the world: France, Britain, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Austria and Russia. Some states were also independent, some were satellites, but these ones were the core. So, who was in default there? Spain, Austria, Prussia, Sweden, Denmark and Holland. They were Napoleon's sphere of action. Moreover, he really could do everything he wanted with the debtors. Resistance was impossible. If only Napoleon's owner had made a small nod, Hamburg or Danzig would have ceased shipments. And the guilty one fell in his lap.

I am ready to admit that almost all described military operations happened in reality. However, nobody dragged trains through all Europe. Napoleon's owner could only blink, and the neighbour attacked the neighbour - to perform the duty and formally as a part of the Napoleonic army. So all glory got the hired Corsican who was not getting out of a bureaucratic table.

WHAT FOR IT WAS NECESSARY TO HIDE THE FACTS?
The essence of the matter was hidden late enough, already in 1870. The proof: Marx did not know neither about Napoleon, nor about his Code, absolutely nothing. Marx’s "Capital" with its more than two million printable characters never mentioned this historical figure. Considering Marx's meticulousness, it seams impossible.

The essence of the matter was hidden during the epoch of the national states formation. To recognize in such situation that monarchs repaid conditional Sacred Pruss to usurers for the debts of boyars, meant to disorganize all ideological structure. Therefore, the real history of transition of the lands from hand to hand in the course of pledge realization was diluted with some military-patriotic drive.

NAPOLEON'S CODE OF 1804
In 1806, 2 years after accepting of Napoleon’s Code of, Napoleon distributed many lands as fees, and it was a typical feudal norm. Relations of the seigneur and the vassal do not keep within representation about citizenship. These are different legal spaces. As comparing of something yellow and something round. Napoleon's code was built in the past; first of all, not to show successfully fulfilled feudal mechanisms where the Native land was the most usual goods. It is not a jeer; the noble families traded pieces of their "small Motherland" basing the same legislative grounds as if they traded their rights to serfs. Napoleon’s Code imposed over the events allowed to camouflage the situation and to claim purchase and sale relations as the result of revolutionary or patriotic population feelings. It is clear that some evidences remained - it is difficult to make such enormous insert without any traces left.

Here we see the well recognized world where we all live – a real one, not poeticized by masters of the historical novel literature style.

LIST OF MAIN TEXTS
24. Chronological shifts: Catherine's shift and 59-year-old one. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/03/chronological-shifts-catherines-shift.html
25. The Roman numeration - a key to the chronology secret. https://chispa1707.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-roman-numeration-key-to-chronology.html
27. Lacuna
28. Lacuna
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